First the augs.
You need 16 fragments for one Gem of Defense/Vitality/Endurance
http://www.thehiddenforest.org/webtools/items.php?id=121020
http://www.thehiddenforest.org/webtools/items.php?id=121030
http://www.thehiddenforest.org/webtools/items.php?id=121025
The Fragments have a drop rate of 6%, the nameds and the Guardians do not drop any fragments.
Now the Marks.
You need a Mark to spawn a Guardian for access to the upper part of the zone and for their loot. There are 4 marks, each of which only drops from certain mobs. Mark of the Wild spawns the (I forgot his name) Guardian and the marks for him only drop off of puma type mobs. There are not many. Ditto with spiders, little tiny dragon things, and goblins on steroids. the Marks each have a drop rate of 3% from their respective mob type only. It's not a terribly unfair rate if only trying to kill the Guardians for access to upper Ascent but if you want their loot (single item, 50% chance to drop) it becomes quite punishing.
http://www.thehiddenforest.org/webtools/items.php?id=120794
http://www.thehiddenforest.org/webtools/items.php?id=120796
http://www.thehiddenforest.org/webtools/items.php?id=120797
http://www.thehiddenforest.org/webtools/items.php?id=120795
Now, I believe the drop rates on all the items listed above are terribly low. I have been killing there every day for about a week. Usually, multiple clears a day, sometimes as many as 6 runs through lower Ascent. I still do not have a single completed aug. It took me a week to farm enough shards to get halfway there for each aug type and we're only talking about ONE character. All the fragments go to my tank.
This is not my idea of fun. The Ascent is a small zone but to get even a single completed aug will take an absurd about of time. The augs are not lore, I had hoped to farm a bunch for my tank and toss a few around to my boxes. Now I'd just be happy with finishing the three I started and never setting foot in there again...and it's a shame because otherwise I think it's a really great zone. It could be made a lot more fun and a lot less tedious.
I think a drop rate of 6-7% would be fairly reasonable for the Marks. Please remember, there are a very low number of mobs of each type in lower.
I'd also like to see the drop rate of the Fragments upped to 10% and also let the 4 mob type Guardians have a chance to drop a Fragment/Shard/Stone/Tear/Gem much in the same way World Bosses drop tokens. Have the Fragments drop as the common loot and increase the rarity as the quality improves with a Gem of XXX of course being quite rare, just like the whatever token that's worth 1000LDoN pts. This would encourage people to challenge all the Guardians repeatedly instead of only spawning the ones they want/need loot from. The Guardians are significantly more difficult than the trash/nameds in the lower part. I'd also like to see the Passage Guardian (after you spawn and kill all 4 of the mob type Guardians you can spawn this guy) drop no less than a Stone of XXXX. Currently he only drops the bracer (which is a fantastic bracer!) needed for access to the Upper part of the Ascent and he drops 6 of them so a group only needs to bother with him once as it currently stands. Maybe we can also add a fair chance for the mini nameds in lower to drop a frag as well. The mini nameds in lower are Bonebiter, Razorpaw, Venomfang, and Terrorwing.
I also think he (Passage Guardian) should be made more difficult. He seems noticeably easier than the 4 Guardians before him while he should be noticeably more difficult imo. Killing the Passage Guardian was anti climactic. At least toss some kind of AoE on him on par with top end World Bosses. In my current gear (mostly T3), top end world bosses are hit or miss for my group. if I make one mistake...LOADING....Please Wait... But the Passage Guardian was a snoozefest....though he had a really cool model.
EDIT: Look here for a better explanation about the Guardians and how to spawn them.
http://www.thehiddenforest.org/wiki/index.php/Access_to_Upper